New Testament Times — 100 BC-100 AD

Introduction

The 1st Cent marks a fundamental turning point in the story of God's people, the fulfilment of all God's promises made to the patriarchs and prophets of old, the inauguration of the Kingdom of God ushered in by the gift of the Holy Spirit made possible by the death, resurrection and exaltation of our Lord Jesus Christ.

For the Church this was the age when its Scriptures were completed by the gift of the New Testament, when her foundational institutions were established, when the doors of the Kingdom of God were opened to Gentiles, and its fundamental character—originally Jewish in ethnic composition—was transformed into a predominantly international one. It is the era par excellent in the story of God's people.

We, however, cannot understand the great events ushered in by our Lord Jesus without understanding the historical background leading up to the birth of Jesus and, in particular, of the transformation of Rome from a republic (at least in name) to an Empire. For this reason this timeline begins with the 1st Cent BC.

©ALBERITH, 2020. Prepared by Low Chai Hok

100 BC

Julius Caesar

Gaius Pompey Magnus

The Roman Republic
at the beginning
of the 1st Cent BC

Mithridates VI

Palestine

Alexander Jannaeus

Palestine

Rebellion against
Hasmonean rule

Syria

Antiochus VIII

Egypt

Ptolemy X Alexander I

China: Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD)

India: Period of Uncertainty (231 BC-320 AD)

90 BC

Social War

Civil War
won by Sulla

First Mithridatic
War

Second
Mithridatic
War

Antiochus X Eusebes

Tigranes

80 BC

Spartacus leads
slave rebellion

Sulla dies

Third Mithridatic War

Salome Alexander

Ptolemy XII

70 BC

Pompey charged
to put down piracy

Pompey takes
control of Judea

Pompey charged to put down Mithridates

Antipater

Hyrcanus II

Hyrcanus demoted
to high priest

Antiochus XIII

Pompey takes
control of Syria

60 BC


Caesar
elected Consul /
First Triumvirate

Gallic War


Crassus
dies

Vercingertorix
defeated

Ptolemy XII

50 BC

Civil War
in Rome


Pompey
is murdered


Second
Triumvirate

Julius Caesar crosses
the Rubicon

Julius Caesar
is murdered

Octavian

Herod appointed governor
of Galilee

Parthian
invasion

Ptolemy XIII

Julius Caesar
in Egypt

Cleopatra VII


Cleopatra meets
Mark Antony

40 BC


Battle of
Actium

Herod
the Great


Herod declared
'King of the Jews'

Herod
restablishes his rule

Aristobulus
rules in
Jerusalem

30 BC

Augustus Caesar

Herod executes
Hyrcanus


Cleopatra & Mark Antony
commit suicide

20 BC


Herod begins
rebuilding the
Temple in Jerusalem

10 BC


Herod executes
two of his sons

The slaughter of
the innocent


Herod dies

Antipas

Philip

Archelaus

John the Baptist

Jesus


Jesus's birth
& Flight to Egypt

1 AD AD 10

Coponius


Jesus questions
the teachers of the Law
in the Temple

Wang Mang usurps
the throne in China

AD 20

Tiberius

Ambivius

Rufus

Gratus

AD 30

Pontius Pilate

The First
Disciples

Jesus's
ministry

John's
ministry

Guang Wudi becomes
first emperor of Eastern
Han dynasty in China

AD 40

Gaius - Caligula

Philo

Antipas is exiled

Marullus


Peter
witnesses
to Cornelius


Peter
witnesses
to Cornelius

Jesus is
crucified

Paul

Paul witnesses
to Stephen's
death


Paul meets
risen Jesus
on road to
Damascus


Paul in
Damascus
and Arabia

Paul in Syria,
Tarsus and Cilicia

AD 50

Claudias


Claudias
expels
Jews from
Rome

Herod Agrippa I

Fadus

Alexander

Camanus

Jerusalem
Council


James
Zebedee
is killed;
Peter
imprisoned

Acts 12

Paul begins
First
Missionary
Journey


Paul writes
Galatians

Jerusalem
Council


Paul
begins
Second
Missionary
Journey

Paul writes
1 & 2 Thess.

AD 60


Claudias'
edict is
rescinded

Work on
the Temple
is completed

Nero

Felix

Festus

Peter goes
to Rome


Mark writes
his Gospel

Matthew writes
his gospel


Luke writes
his Gospel

Paul
appeals
to Gallio


Paul
begins
Third
Missionary
Journey


Paul in
Ephesus

Priscilla & Aquila
return to Rome

Paul
imprisoned in
Caesarea

Paul writes
Romans


Paul sails
for Rome

(Buddhism begins making
inroads into China.)

AD 70

Fire in
Rome

Nero commits
suicide

Persecution
of Christians


Year of the
Four Emperors

First Jewish Revolt


Qumran
is sacked


Jerusalem
is sacked


Josephus
goes over
to the Romans

Albinus

Florus


James is
murdered in
Jerusalem

Luke writes
Acts


Peter & Paul
martyred

?


Paul arrives
in Rome

Paul goes
to Spain?


Peter & Paul
martyred

AD 80

Vespasian

Titus


Vesuvius
eruptss

Josephus

Josephus
publishes
Jewish War


Masada
falls

AD 90

Domitian

John writes
1-3 John
& his Gospel

Christians experience official
persecution under Domitian

AD 100

Nerva


Nerva ends
official persecution
of Christians

Trajan


Josephus
dies in Rome

John in exile
on Patmos &
writes Revelation


Clement of Rome
writes 1 Clement

The very broad span of subjects and events covered by this timeline involved too many disparate works to list here. Select suggestions for further readings (selected for their suitability for laypersons) are listed in the various readings associated with the links in the timeline.


Dec 19