The Latin name means "the Lord wept," and the church commemorates Jesus weeping over the hard-heartedness of the City and the destruction that he predicted would befall it (Lk 19:41-44).
The church has probably the most photographed, and most easily identifiable, window in the world:
Whether intentional or not, the window makes a powerful counterpoint to the Dome of the Rock; notice how the Cross on the window cancels out the Muslim monument.