1. E. R. Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, new rev. ed., (Grand Rapids; Zondervan, 1983) and K. A. Kitchen, "How We Know When Solomon Ruled," Biblical Archaeological Review 27/5 (Sept-Oct 2001) 32-37, 58.
2. Anchor Bible Dictionary 2.702.
3. R. Hawkins, "The Date of the Exodus-Conquest is Still an Open Question: A Response to Rodger Young And Bryant Wood," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 51/2 (June 2008) 245.
4. B. K. Waltke, "The Date of the Conquest," Westminster Theological Journal 52 (1990) 200.
5. Pronounced Me-ren-p-tah or Me-ner-p-tah.
6. This stela, known as the 'Merenptah Stela' or 'Israel Stela,' represents the earliest extra-biblical reference to Israel in the land of Canaan (or Hurru). What is additionally interesting is that the form of Israel's name on the stela indicates that Israel was seen not as a state or nation, but as a people group, which makes sense since Israel was still consolidating her conquest and settlement in the land, exactly the kind of situation described in the book of Joshua-Judges.