The important events in post-exilic times for Judah includes the following:
539 BC : Cyrus issues edict permitting the Jews to return.
538 BC : Zerubbabel, Sheshbazzar, and others return to Jerusalem (Ezr 2:1).
537 BC : Rebuilding of the Temple begins (Ezr 3:8).
530 BC : Cyrus dies, and Cambyses succeeds to the Persian throne.
522 BC : Cambyses died, and was succeeded by Darius I.
520 BC : Haggai preaches his sermon and rouses the people to resume rebuilding of the Temple (Hag 1:1, 12).
516 BC : Rebuilding of the Temple is completed, 3 Adar/10 March (Ezr 6:15).
486 BC : Xerxes I (Ahasuerus) succeeds to the Persian throne.
464 BC : Xerxes dies; succeeded by Artaxerxes I.
460 BC : Malachi begins his preaching.
458 BC : Ezra returns to Jerusalem.
445 BC : Nehemiah arrives in Jerusalem, to lead in rebuilding of the city walls.
433 BC : Nehemiah returns to Shushan.
423 BC : Artaxerxes dies, and is succeeded by Darius II Nothus.
331 BC : Alexander the Great defeats Darius III at the Battle of Gaugamela, ending the Persian empire; beginning of the Hellenistic era in the region.
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