The name simply means "new city," and there were at least a dozen cities by that name in the Roman Empire. Only one, however, is referred to in the NT, the port city on the Aegean coast in Macedonia (Acts 16:11). It was the port of disembarkation for the city of Philippi, located another 15km inland. The city is today part of Greece and known as Kavala.
Though not referred to in the Bible, Neapolis was also the name of the rebuilt Roman city of Shechem. It was largely Gentile in its population in NT times; today it is known as Nablus, a hotbed of Palestinain nationalism.
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