This article is reproduced from the Eaton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary.
house of God.
(1.) A place in Central Palestine, about 10 miles north of Jerusalem, at the head of the pass of Michmash and Ai. It was originally the royal Canaanite city of Luz (Gen 28:19) The name Bethel was at first apparently given to the sanctuary in the neighbourhood of Luz, and was not given to the city itself till after its conquest by the tribe of Ephraim. When Abram entered Canaan he formed his second encampment between Bethel and Hai (Gen 12:8) and on his return from Egypt he came back to it, and again "called upon the name of the Lord" (Gen 13:4) Here Jacob, on his way from Beersheba to Haran, had a vision of the angels of God ascending and descending on the ladder whose top reached unto heaven (Gen 28:10),(Gen 28:19) and on his return he again visited this place, "where God talked with him" (Gen 35:1-15) and there he "built an altar, and called the place El-beth-el" (q.v.). To this second occasion of God's speaking with Jacob at Bethel, (Hos 12:4),(Hos 12:5) makes reference. In troublous times the people went to Bethel to ask counsel of God (Jdg 20:18),(Jdg 20:31) (Jdg 21:2) Here the ark of the covenant was kept for a long time under the care of Phinehas, the grandson of Aaron (Jdg 20:26-28) Here also Samuel held in rotation his court of justice (1Sa 7:16) It was included in Israel after the kingdom was divided, and it became one of the seats of the worship of the golden calf (1Ki 12:28-33) (1Ki 12:28) (1Ki 13:1) Hence the prophet Hosea (Hos 4:15) (Hos 5:8) (Hos 10:5),(Hos 10:8) calls it in contempt Beth-aven, i.e., "house of idols." Bethel remained an abode of priests even after the kingdom of Israel was desolated by the king of Assyria (2Ki 17:28),(2Ki 17:29) At length all traces of the idolatries were extirpated by Josiah, king of Judah (2Ki 23:15-18) and the place was still in existence after the Captivity (Ezr 2:28) (Neh 7:32) It has been identified with the ruins of Beitin, a small village amid extensive ruins some 9 miles south of Shiloh.
(2.) Mount Bethel was a hilly district near Bethel (Jos 16:1) (1Sa 13:2) (3.) A town in the south of Judah (Jos 8:17) (Jos 12:16)
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